Excel formulas (Excel for beginners session 6)

excel
beginner
Excel for beginners
Published

October 8, 2025

Introduction

This session is part of our Excel for beginners course. That’s a series of seven linked sessions, delivered on Teams, that give an introduction to Excel for people working in health and social care. The sessions are:

Together, they aim to help you develop an appropriate set of Excel skills to help your work. This session covers formulas in Excel:

KIND Excel beginner skill tree
  • for this session, you’ll need to be familiar with the Excel basics (getting around in Excel, opening/saving/closing files)
  • you’ll also need to be familiar with A1 referencing, values, and tables
  • we’re going to avoid talking about formatting as much as possible today
  • you might find the list of Excel shortcuts helpful too

Previous attendees have said…

  • 68 previous attendees have left feedback
  • 100% would recommend this session to a colleague
  • 94% said that this session was pitched correctly

Three random comments from previous attendees
  • Good session for an absolute beginner
  • Was well done and think its important to provide training for excel as it probably the most under utilised software in our field.
  • I really think the way Brendan and Val present the sessions is fantastic. I am more advanced than a beginner but went anyway to confirm my current knowledge (and I still learnt some new things!). I have to commend the patience and kindness that Brendan and Val display when dealing and helping those who are true beginners and struggling. Always willing to show again and even help them share their screen. Think you are both very good teachers. Well done!
Forthcoming session(s)
Booking link Date
Excel formulas (Excel for beginners session 6) 10:00-11:30 Thu 11th December 2025
Excel formulas (Excel for beginners session 6) 15:00-16:30 Tue 17th February 2026
Excel formulas (Excel for beginners session 6) 13:00-14:30 Wed 3rd June 2026

Video overview

Session materials

Session outline

  • values and formulas
  • simple functions
  • references in formulas

Values and formulas

Values

Example value, showing identical cell contents and formula bar contents
  • when you enter some data in a cell, we call that a value
  • values look the same in their cell as in the formula bar

Formulas

  • we can also make a value using a formula
  • Excel evaluates/calculates the formula, then displays the result as a value
  • in an empty cell, try entering = 2 + 2

Example formula, showing different cell contents and formula bar contents

Example formulas

  • we can do ordinary arithmetic in formulas /, *, -, +…
  • you can also try & which joins values
    • = "This number is " & 5

Functions

  • But most formulas use functions, which are like the verbs of Excel
  • Try = SUM(2, 2)

Adding functions

  • you can type functions in by name (as above)
  • you can also add from the Formulas area of the ribbon add from the Formulas area of the ribbon
  • or you can use the \(fx\) button by the formula bar use the fx button by the formula bar

Function arguments

  • adding a function by \(fx\) or the menu brings up the Function Arguments interface Function Arguments interface
  • This is a helpful builder for more complicated functions

What are arguments?

  • arguments are the values we supply to a function
    • in =SUM(2,3), the arguments are 2 and 3
  • we separate arguments with a comma ,
  • we need to be sure we’re supplying the right arguments in the right order (this gets described as the syntax of a function)
  • we also, while we’re on the jargon, say that functions return a value so = SUM(4,3) will return 7

Useful simple functions

  • in the same way as =SUM(), you can try:
    • AVERAGE
    • MIN and MAX
    • SUBSTITUTE
    • CEILING
    • TODAY
    • ROUND

References in formulas

  • mostly, you won’t add values directly into your formulas
  • instead, you’ll bring them in from another part of your spreadsheet
  • can you use SUM() to make a total Male + Female column in the supplied data?
    • add a header in cell G2
    • if needed, extend the table to include your new column
    • in G3, enter the formula = SUM(C3, D3)
    • then copy down the rows by double-clicking the green fill handle green fill handle

Practice

  • calculate what proportion of your total population is under 16 (thanks, Lara Paterson (NHS Lanarkshire))
  • estimate the population density
  • find an average area for each council area

Troubleshooting functions

  • #NAME? = “I don’t recognise that function name”
  • #VALUE! = “Your syntax has gone wrong - usually in the wrong order”
  • #REF! = “I don’t recognise that reference”
  • #DIV/0! = “You’ve divided by zero”